APS Member News 2020

December

APS Member Theodore J. Ziolkowski (APS 1984) died on December 5, 2020, in Bethlehem, PA, at the age of 88. Ted Ziolkowski was a renowned authority on German and European literature from Romanticism to the present.

APS Member Judith Jarvis Thomson (APS 2019) died on November 20, 2020 at the age of 91. She created new fields of inquiry in philosophy through her writings on abortion and a moral thought experiment that she named the “Trolley Problem.”

November

Marc Tessier-Lavigne (APS 2017) has been named an Officer of the Order of Canada.

Sanctuary Road, by Paul Moravec (2010), has been nominated for a Grammy (Best Choral Performance).

Peter von Hippel (APS 2004) has been recognized as the 2021 recipient of the Ignacio Tinoco Award from the Biophysical Society for his exceptional contributions to the field of biophysics

Ruth Bader Ginsburg (APS 2006) has a posthumous book, Justice, Justice Thou Shalt Pursue.

Anthony Fauci (APS 2001) will be the WHYY 2021 Lifelong Learning Award recipient.

Rita Colwell (APS 2003) gave the talk "A Lab of One's Own: A Personal History of Sexism in Science" for the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.

Randy Schekman (APS 2008) was appointed to the Scientific Advisory Board of Eureka Therapeutics.

Bonnie Bassler (APS 2012) will be giving the lecture Tiny Conspiracies: How Bacteria Talk to Each Other at the Wistar Institue.

Claudia Goldin (APS 2015) has won the Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics for her groundbreaking insights into the history of the American economy, the evolution of gender roles and the interplay of technology, human capital and labor markets.

Carl June (APS 2020) spoke at a Washington Post Live event entitled Chasing Cancer. Additionally, he was elected to the Board of Directors of AC Immune, a Swiss-based, clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company.

Warren Washington (APS 2003) will receive the 2021 NCSE Lifetime Achievement Award for Science, Service, and Leadership.

Michael Hout (APS 2006) will be speaking at the launch ceremony of the Center for Applied Social and Economic Research at NYU Shanghai.


APS Member James D. Wolfensohn (APS 1997) died on November 25, 2020, at the age of 86. He was a top Wall Street deal maker and a two-term president of the World Bank.

APS Member Sir John Meurig Thomas (APS 1993) died on November 13, 2020, at the age of 87. Sir John was a pioneer of solid-state chemistry, former Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, and Director of the Royal Institution.

APS Member Joseph Rishel (APS 2010) died on November 5, 2020, at the age of 80. Mr. Rishel, married to late PMA director and APS Member Anne d'Harnoncourt, was known for his encyclopedic knowledge of European art, his unflagging support of colleagues, his humor, and many spectacular exhibitions.

October

Nicholas Kristof (APS 2011) was awarded the inaugural Aurora Humanitarian Journalism Award for his reporting on human rights abuses and social injustices.

Jonathan Culler (APS 2006) will be giving the lecture "Must Novels Have Narrators and Lyric Poems Speakers?"

Rosanna Warren (APS 2015) has published Max Jacob: A Life in Arts and Letters.

Robert Putnam (APS 2005) has published The Upswing: How America Came Together a Century Ago and How We Can Do It Again.

Kathleen Hall Jamieson (APS 1997) will give a lecture entitled "Overcoming the Challenges of Communicating Emerging Science about COVID-19" as part of the annual Robert W. and Laurie Johnston Lecture series

Jan Ziolkowski (APS 2017) was elected to Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.

Elaine Fuchs (APS 2005) will give the 27th Annual Murray L. Barr & Gairdner Laureate Lecture. She and Mina Bissell were announced as Gairdner Award winners in March.

Annette Gordon-Reed (APS 2019) will discuss how Americans today deal with problematic historical figures such as Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, in the inaugural lecture for the Shapiro Center for American History and Culture at The Huntington.

Anthony Fauci (APS 2001) was featured on the Hopkins Health Policy Forum.

Sean Carroll (APS 2017) published A Series of Fortunate Events: Chance and the Making of the Planet, Life, and You.

Thomas Bisson (APS 1975) published The Chronography of Robert of Torigni.

Daniel Mendelsohn (APS 2006) published Three Rings: A Tale of Exile, Narrative, and Fate.

Cass Sunstein (APS 2010) published Too Much Information: Understanding What You Don’t Want to Know.

Linda K. Kerber (APS 2006) will Deliver the 2020 Charles Homer Haskins Prize Lecture.

The Sandra Day O'Connor Institute For American Democracy will present the next installment of its free, online public forum, the Constitution Series: Equality and Justice for All, featuring Claude M. Steele (APS 2008).

Michael Cook (APS 2001) received the Middle East Medievalists Lifetime Achievement Award.

Louise Glück (APS 2014) has won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Andrea Ghez (APS 2012) and Roger Penrose (APS 2011) have won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Joanne Chory (APS 2015) has won the 2020 Pearl Meister Greengard Prize.

Jill Lepore (APS 2014) has published IF THEN: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future.

Joyce Chaplin (APS 2020) will be giving the lecture "Our Man in Paris: Benjamin Franklin" on October 15, 2020.

Pope Francis appointed Fabiola Gianotti (APS 2019), director-general of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

Caroline Walker Bynum (APS 1995) published Dissimilar Similitudes: Devotional Objects in Late Medieval Europe.

Marjorie Garber (APS 2012) published Character: The History of a Cultural Obsession.


APS Member Mario Molina (APS 2007) died on October 7, 2020, at the age of 77. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research that showed how chemicals in hair spray and other products could cause grave environmental damage.

APS Member Renée Claire Fox (APS 2012) died on September 23, 2020, at the age of 92. She conducted extensive ethnographic research in medical sociology for which she traveled to many parts of the world including Belgium, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the People's Republic of China.

APS Member Lord Lester of Herne Hill (APS 2003) died on August 8, 2020, at the age of 84. He was the author of the groundbreaking legislation on racial and gender equality introduced in Britain by Harold Wilson’s Labour government in the 1970s.

APS Member Reimar Lüst (APS 1999) died on March 31, 2020, at the age of 97. He was "an outstanding scientist and gifted science organizer, without whom the modern Max Planck Society would be inconceivable."

 

September

Barbara Grosz (APS 2003) will be giving a lecture for Digital Humanism entitled ."An AI and Computer Science Dilemma: Could I? Should I?"

Annette Gordon-Reed (APS 2019) will be giving the The Carl M. Buchholz Memorial Lecture entitled "The Past in the Present: Dealing with Troublesome Histories". Additionally, she will be giving the Abraham Lincoln Lecture on Constitutional Law at the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law.

Richard Kagan (APS 2011) has been awarded an honorary doctorate by the Autonomous University of Madrid.

Steven Weinberg (APS 1982) has been awarded the 2020 Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics "For continuous leadership in fundamental physics, with broad impact across particle physics, gravity and cosmology, and for communicating science to a wider audience."

Catherine Dulac (APS 2019) has been awarded the 2021 Breakthrough Prize for Life Sciences "For deconstructing the complex behavior of parenting to the level of cell-types and their wiring, and demonstrating that the neural circuits governing both male and female-specific parenting behaviors are present in both sexes."

Kara Walker (APS 2018) has a solo exhibition, Drawings, currently on view in New York. This is a preview for an exhibition in Kunstmuseum Basel opening in June 2021.

Billie Tsien (APS 2017) will be giving the The Lois E. Toko Lecture at the University of Massachusetts.

Harold Varmus (APS 1994) wrote a piece for the New York Times about CDC guidelines during the COVID-19.


APS Member Ruth Bader Ginsburg (APS 2006) died on September 18, 2020. She was the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court and a pioneering advocate for women’s rights.

APS Member Seymour Schwartz (APS 2001) died on August 28, 2020. He was a founding editor of “Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery,” a seminal textbook for medical students.

August

David Rubenstein (APS 2019) gave an interview to the Wall Street Journal about philanthropy. He recently published How to Lead: Wisdom from the World's Greatest CEOs, Founders, and Game Changers.

Kathleen Hall Jamieson (APS 1997) gave an interview to the Philadelphia Inquirer about fact checking the 2020 election.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg (APS 2006), has been selected as this year’s recipient of the Liberty Medal from the National Constitution Center.

Gordon Baym (APS 2000) has been awarded the 2021 American Physical Society Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research. The citation reads for “major discoveries in theoretical condensed matter and many-body physics, neutron star structure and composition, quark matter and quark-gluon plasma physics, and in atomic physics and ultracold quantum gases.”

Sir Alan Fersht (APS 2008) has been awarded the prestigious Copley Medal. Sir Alan is widely regarded as one of the main pioneers of protein engineering.


APS Member Bernard Bailyn (APS 1971) died on August 7, 2020. He was a Harvard scholar whose award-winning books on early American history reshaped the study of the origins of the American Revolution.

APS Member Frances E. Allen (APS 2001) died on August 4, 2020. She was a pioneer in the world of computing, the first female IBM Fellow and the first woman to win the Turing Award.

July

Jonathan Culler (APS 2006) has been elected to the British Academy. Culler is a specialist in literary and cultural theory and French literature of the 19th century.

Howard Gardner (APS 2006) received the 2020 Distinguished Contributions to Research in Education Award, the premier honor from the American Educational Research Association.

Annette Gordon-Reed (APS 2019), the Charles Warren Professor of American History at Harvard Law School and professor of history in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, has been named a University Professor, Harvard’s highest faculty honor.


APS Member R. Stephen Berry (APS 2011) died on July 26, 2020, in Chicago, Illinois, at the age of 89. He was a theoretical and physical chemist who made groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of the atomic origins of freezing, melting, crystallization, and glass formation; how electrons and photons interact with molecules; and how to make efficient use of energy and the environment.

APS Member Michael Silverstein (APS 2008) died on July 17, 2020, in Chicago, Illinois, at the age of 74. He was an anthropologist who made groundbreaking contributions to linguistic anthropology and helped define the field of sociolinguistics.

APS Member Gordon H. Bower (APS 2004) died on June 17, 2020, in Stanford, California, at the age of 87. He was a cognitive psychologist studying human memory, language comprehension, emotion, and behavior modification; he received a National Medal of Science in 2005 for this work.

June

Danielle Allen (APS 2015) is the recipient of the 2020 John W. Kluge Prize for Achievement in the Study of Humanity from the Library of Congress. The prize "recognizes individuals whose outstanding scholarship in the humanities and social sciences has shaped public affairs and civil society" and comes with a $500,000 award.

Paul Moravec (APS 2010) spoke to Harvard Magazine about his work as a composer including his three-part series of American historical oratorios. 

Sir John Meurig Thomas (APS 1993) published a new book, Architects of Structural Biology, on the emergence of the field of molecular biology. Read his interview with ChemistryViews

Sabine Schmidtke (APS 2017) has several new publications: an article in Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies (COMSt) Bulletin 6/1 (2020), "Scribal Practices among European Scholars during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century," "For Sale to the Highest Bidder: A Precious Shiʿi Manuscript from the Early Eleventh Century," in the Shii Studies Review 4 (2020), and the volume Jewish-Muslim Intellectual History Entangled: Textual Materials from the Firkovitch Collection, Saint Petersburg

Anthony Fauci (APS 2001) appeared on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' podcast Learning Curve to discuss the state of COVID-19 vaccine development and the challenges of anti-science bias in the United States.

Jane Goodall (APS 1988) was awarded the 2020 Tang Prize in Sustainable Development.

Ruth Simmons (APS 1997) has been appointed to the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas's Houston Branch board of directors.

Corey Goodman (APS 1999) and Marc Tessier-Lavigne (APS 2017) are the winners of the 2020 Gruber Neuroscience Prize along with Friedrich Bonhoeffer.

James C. Scott (APS 2020, pictured) is the recipient of the Albert O. Hischman Prize from the Social Science Research Council, the Council's highest honor.

May

Paul Moravec (APS 2010) composed the music to a large ensemble piece, "Light Shall Lift Us," featuring over 100 opera singers in support of the opera community. The recording is available on YouTube

Robert Wuthnow (APS 2013) has published a new book, What Happens When We Practice Religion?

Robert J. Miller (APS 2014) was named the Willard H. Pedrick Distinguished Research Scholar by the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law.

Warren Washington (APS 2003) is the 2020 recipient of the Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest from Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

The Society for Classical Studies at New York University has established an annual competition for the best graduate research paper on multiculturalism in the ancient Mediterranean named in honor of Erich S. Gruen (APS 2000).

Kerry Emmanuel (APS 2019) was elected to the Royal Society as a foreign member.

April

Fernando Pereira (APS 2019) was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Anne Case (APS 2017), Vinton Cerf (APS 2008), and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (APS 1997) have been elected members of the National Academy of Sciences. Jean Dalibard (APS 2018) and Tim Palmer (APS 2015) have been elected as international members of the NAS.

Peter Katzenstein (APS 2009) has been named the recipient of the 26th Johann Skytte Prize in Political Science. The prize, sometimes called the Nobel Prize for political science, was given to Katzenstein for his work “furthering the understanding of how history, culture and norms shape economies, as well as national and global security policy.” 

Stuart Orkin (APS 2017) is winner of the 2020 Harrington Prize for Innovation in Medicine. The Harrington Prize for Innovation in Medicine, established in 2014 by the Harrington Discovery Institute at University Hospitals in Cleveland, Ohio, and The American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), honors physician-scientists who have moved science forward with achievements notable for innovation, creativity and potential for clinical application.

Fabiola Gianotti (APS 2019) was appointed to her second five-year term as head of CERN, which will begin in 2021.

Ruzena Bajcsy (APS 2005) is winner of the 2020 National Center for Women & Information Technology Pioneer in Tech Award. The NCWIT Pioneer in Tech Award recognizes technical women whose lifetime contributions have significantly impacted the landscape of technological innovation.

Sonia Sotomayor (APS 2002) has been awarded the Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Law. The Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medals recognize the exemplary contributions of recipients to the endeavors in which Jefferson excelled and held in high regard.


APS Member Donald Kennedy (APS 1976) died on April 21, 2020, in Redwood City, California, at the age of 88. He was a neurobiologist, former commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the eighth president of Stanford University.

APS Member Jacques Blamont (APS 2002) died on April 13, 2020, in Châtillon, France at the age of 93. He was a leader in the development of vehicles and instruments for space exploration.

APS Member E. Margaret Burbidge (1980) died on April 5, 2020, in San Francisco, California at the age of 100. She was an astrophysicist who contributed to the design of instruments carried aboard the Hubble telescope and advanced understanding of the stellar origin of chemical elements. Despite facing sexism and discrimination throughout her career, she rose to become director of the Royal Observatory and recipient of the National Medal of Science.

March

Harvey Fineberg (APS 2013) has been named chair of the standing committee "Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Health Threats" requested by the White House in response to the coronavirus.  

Anthony Leggett (APS 1991) has donated his papers to the University of Illinois Archives.

Eric Horvitz (APS 2018) has been appointed Microsoft’s first ever Chief Scientific Officer.

Elaine Fuchs (APS 2005) was awarded the 2020 Canada Gairdner International Award. The Canada Gairdner International Award recognizes outstanding researchers whose unique scientific contributions have increased the understanding of human biology and disease and contributed to the relief of human suffering.

Mina Bissell (APS 2007) was awarded the 2020 Canada Gairdner International Award. The Canada Gairdner International Award recognizes outstanding researchers whose unique scientific contributions have increased the understanding of human biology and disease and contributed to the relief of human suffering.


APS Member Philip W. Anderson (APS 1991) died on March 29, 2020, in Princeton, New Jersey, at the age of 96. He was a Nobel Laureate who contributed to scientific understanding of magnetism, superconductivity, and the structure of matter.

APS Member Walter L. Robb (APS 2000) died on March 23, 2020, in Schenectady, New York, at the age of 92. He was an engineer who rose to become the director of General Electric's research and development center. He was the first APS Member to die of COVID-19.

February

Philip Kitcher (APS 2018) was awarded Rescher Medal for contributions to systematic philosophy. 

The American Meteorological Society has created the Warren Washington Research and Leadership Medal in honor of APS Member and Vice President Warren Washington (APS 2003).

Shirley Ann Jackson (APS 2007) received the 2019 Joseph A. Burton Forum Award


APS Member Freeman J. Dyson (APS 1976) died on February 28, 2020, in Princeton, New Jersey, at the age of 96. He was known for his landmark contributions to subatomic physics as well as his writing on a wide range of scientific topics.

APS Member Robert H. Dyson, Jr. (APS 1984) died on February 14, 2020, at the age of 92. He was an archaeologist who headed the excavations at the Hasanlu site in Iran from 1956-1977.

Frank H.T. Rhodes (APS 1991), who served as President of the American Philosophical Society from 1999 to 2005, died February 3, 2020, in Bonita Springs, Florida, at the age of 93. He was Cornell University’s ninth president, a national figure in higher education, and an esteemed paleontologist.

January

Kamaljit Bawa (APS 2019) accepted the 2019 UNESCO Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Conservation on behalf of the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, which he founded. The UNESCO Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Conservation is a biennial award “to afford recognition to outstanding contributions by individuals, groups of individuals, institutes or organizations in the management or preservation of the environment, consistent with the policies, aims and objectives of UNESCO, and in relation to the Organization's programmes in this field”.

Jennifer Higdon (APS 2019) won a Classical Grammy in the category of best contemporary classical composition for Higdon: Harp Concerto

Sandra Faber (2001) was awarded the Gold Medal in Astronomy by the Royal Astronomical Society. The Gold Medal is the Royal Astronomical Society’s highest award and was given in recognition of “her outstanding research on the formation, structure and evolution of galaxies, and for her contributions to the optical design of the Keck Telescopes and other novel astronomical instruments.”

Stuart Orkin (APS 2017) was awarded the 2020 King Faisal Prize in Medicine. He was awarded the Prize “for his outstanding contributions to the field of hemoglobinopathies which included seminal contributions of basic discoveries as well as translating them into clinical care.”

The National Science Foundation announced that its new observatory, which will begin operating in 2022, will be named the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. Rubin (1928-2016) was elected a member of the APS in 1995.

The Harvard Graduate School of Education has created an endowed professorship named in honor of Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot (APS 2008). 

Kathleen Hall Jamieson (APS 1997) was named recipient of the National Academy of Sciences Public Welfare Medal. The Public Welfare Medal is the Academy’s most prestigious award and was presented to her for her “nonpartisan crusade to ensure the integrity of facts in public discourse and development of the science of scientific communication to promote public understanding of complex issues.” 

Laurie Glimcher (APS 2019) was named to Stand Up to Cancer Advisory Committee.

Nicholas Canny (APS 2007) was awarded the Cunningham Medal, the highest honor of the Royal Irish Academy.


APS Member Frank Press (APS 1973) died on January 29, 2020, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, at the age of 95. He was a geophysicist who served as president of the National Academy of Sciences and held several scientific advisory roles within the federal government.

APS Member Michael I. Sovern (APS 1999) died on January 20, 2020, in New York, New York, at the age of 88. He was a legal scholar and president of Columbia University.

December 2019

Peter Dervan (APS 2002) was named to National Academy of Inventors.

Cynthia Dwork (APS 2016) was awarded the IEEE Hamming Medal. The award recognizes exceptional contributions to information sciences, systems, and technology. Dwork was chosen for her “foundational work in privacy, cryptography, and distributed computing, and for leadership in developing differential privacy.”

Patricia Wright (APS 2013) was formally installed in the Herrnstein Family Endowed Chair in Conservation Biology at Stony Brook University. 

APS Member Gertrude Himmelfarb (APS 1986) died on December 30, 2019, in Washington, DC, at the age of 97. She was a prominent intellectual whose work ranged from scholarship of Victorian Britain to conservative commentary on modern society.

APS Member Hans Kornberg (APS 1993) died on December 16, 2019, in Falmouth, Massachusetts, at the age of 91. He was a biochemist who studied metabolic cycles in microorganisms.

APS Member Paul A. Volcker (APS 1998) died on December 8, 2019, in New York, New York, at the age of 92. He was president of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, chairman of the US Federal Reserve, and chairman of President Obama's Economic Recovery Advisory Board.

APS Member Brian Tierney (APS 1990) died on November 30, 2019, in Syracuse, New York, at the age of 97. He was a medieval historian and a leading authority on medieval church law and political thought.

APS Member John B. Robbins (APS 2002) died on November 27, 2019, in New York, New York, at the age of 86. He was a pioneer in vaccinology and one of the inventors of the first effective defense against Hib meningitis.

APS Member Mary Lowe Good (APS 2000) died on November 20, 2019, in Little Rock, Arkansas, at the age of 88. She was a pioneering chemist and a leader in science and education.

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Tunica Animacy

by Patricia Anderson

Tunica nouns have both a grammatical gender and an animacy class. Tunica grammatical gender is either masculine or feminine; there is no neuter or neutral grammatical gender. Tunica animacy classes consist of inanimate, animate-non-human, and animate-human.

Gender and animacy are inextricably linked in Tunica because they are expressed with the same set of suffixes. Known as the Gender-Number Affixes (GNA), affixes encoding grammatical gender and animacy appear on nouns and noun phrases throughout the Tunica texts.

ihchahchi

i-hcha-hchi

my-grandparent-feminine singular GNA

my grandmother

 

Ihchaku

i-cha-ku

my-grandparent-masculine singular GNA

my grandfather

 

ihksaku

ihk-sa-ku

my-dog-masculine singular GNA

my dog

 

ihksasinima

ihk-sa-sinima

my-dog-feminine plural GNA

my dogs

Grammatical gender in Tunica is related to biological gender at some level, as we can see with the two “grandparent” examples above: “grandmother” takes the feminine suffix while “grandfather” takes the masculine suffix. However when referring to mixed groups, the ending cannot refer to biological gender alone. Instead, the GNA selected reflects both the number of referents and the animacy class of said nouns.

Consider the following examples. In the first set, the noun is a human, and in the second set, the noun is an animal.

Etiku - my friend -- ku is masculine singular ending

Et’unima - my two friends -- unima is the masculine dual ending

Etisɛma - my many friends -- sɛma is the masculine plural ending

Etiku - my group of friends -- ku is the masculine collective ending

 

Rushtaku - a rabbit -- ku is masculine singular ending

Rusht’unima - two rabbits -- unima is the masculine dual ending

Rushtasinima - many rabbits - sinima is the feminine plural ending

Rushtahchi - a group of rabbits - hchi is the feminine collective ending

As seen above, when there are one or two nouns, there is no distinction between human or animal endings. However, once you increase the number past three items, the difference in animacy class is apparent from the endings - masculine endings are used for humans and feminine endings are used for non-humans.

This pattern of human/non-human animacy is also seen in verb endings when the subject is unknown or indefinite. For example, if I hear a number of voices, and I want to ask “who is making all that racket?” in Tunica, I use the masculine verb endings.

     Kaku hahpaya yata?

     who   noise      they are making (masculine)

On the other hand, if I hear a bunch of animal yowls, and want to ask “who is making all that racket?” I would say.

     Kaku hahpaya yasiti?

     who   noise      they are making (feminine)

For a more indepth look at Tunica grammatical gender and animacy as evidenced though GNAs in the texts, see Heaton and Anderson (2017).

 

References

Heaton, Raina and Patricia Anderson. 2017. “When Animals Become Humans: Grammatical Gender in Tunica.” International Journal of American Linguistics vol 83, no 2.

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Language isolate

by Patricia Anderson


Tunica is a language isolate, meaning it is unrelated to any other language today. But, as is the case with many language isolates, it is likely that related languages once existed. Unfortunately, no related languages were recorded or written down before their speakers were coerced to stop speaking them. Youchigant mentions a mutually intelligible language in Notebook 9, stating that “there used to be another tribe near the Tunica and their languages were mutually intelligible” (180)

Detail of Tunica notebook 9, page 180
Excerpt from Tunica Notebook 9, page 180

Several linguistic relations for Tunica have been proposed over the years. John R. Swanton (1919) proposed a relationship between Tunica, Chitimacha, and Ishak (Atakapa). Edward Sapir (1929) included Tunica in the Hokan-Siouan super-stock. Mary Haas (1951, 1952, 158) proposed a Gulf language family that included Tunica, Natchez, Muskogean, and tentatively included Ishak (Atakapa) and Chitimacha. Pamela Munro (1994) expanded on Haas’s Guld classification to encompass Yuki. For a comprehensive analysis of proposed linguistic relations of Tunica, see Campbell (1997, particularly pages 305-309). 

All of the aforementioned theories have since been evaluated as unlikely, based on the existing linguistic evidence.

It is conceivable that languages that were not documented held the key to Tunica linguistic relationships. Non-linguistic documentation indicates the possibility. For example, Yazoo was the language spoken by the Yazoo people. The Yazoo were allies of the Tunica in the early 18th century, and they lived very near the Tunica people at the mouth of the Yazoo river. Jesuit missionary Father Antione Davion lived among the Tunica and Yazoo from 1700-1708, and he wrote letters back to the seminary in Quebec indicating he could be understood in both languages. It is possible that Yazoo language was the mutually intelligible language Youchigant was referring to, however Davion did not include any language samples in his letters, so do not know if he could speak both languages or if he spoke one language that was understood by both groups. Or perhaps Youchigant is referring to Koroa, another small nation in the area allied with the Yazoo. However, these are just speculations. Given that no linguistic documentation survives of either Yazoo or Koroa, we will not be able to prove they have any linguistic relationship to Tunica today. Hence, Tunica remains classified as a language isolate.

 

References

Campbell, Lyle. 1997. American Indian Languages: the historical linguistics of Native America. Oxford University Press, New York.

Munro, Pamela. 1994. Gulf and Yuki-Gulf. Anthropological Linguistics 36(2):125-222.

Swanton, John R. 1919. A Structural and Lexical Comparison of the Tunica, Chitimacha, and Atakapa Languages. Bulletin 68. Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington, D.C.

 

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Spatial Orientation in Tunica Grammar

by Patricia Anderson

Sitting, standing and lying down:  those are the three positions any noun can take in the Tunica language. Some nouns are inherently one position: rivers always lie; trees generally stand. It is possible for a tree to lay after it is felled. But under no circumstances of Tunica grammar could a tree sit.

Spatial orientation shows up grammatically in the use of existentials, English equivalents of “there is” or “there are.” The verbs to denote existentials inherently encode sitting, standing or lying. For example, “there is a tree” uses the verb kal’ura since it is standing whereas “there is a snake” uses the verb ura since it is lying. Certain animals inherently squat, such as ducks; stating that these nouns exist uses the verb una.

Rihku kal’ura

tree  there is (standing)

There is a tree

 

Nara ura

Snake  there is (lying)

There is a snake

 

Kuwa una

duck    there is (sitting)

There is a duck

Position in space is also expressed grammatically when creating durative constructions. Durative constructions in Tunica are often translated as progressive verbs in English. “He is sleeping” is inflected with a form of ura, since you most often sleep lying down. Whereas “he is sitting” is inflected with a form of una, since you always sit in a sitting position.

Rap’ura

rapu-ura

sleep-durative

He is sleeping

 

Uk’una

uki-una

sit-durative

He is sitting

If you’d like to provide additional information, you can indicate that someone is doing something in different positions based on the verb you use to inflect. See the below example for the difference. 

Har’ura

hara-ura

sing-durative

He is singing (in a lying position)

 

Har’una

hara-una

sing-durative

He is singing (in a sitting position)

During her work with Youchigant, Haas became aware of this distinction in Tunica grammar. She specifically set up elicitation paradigms to illuminate this grammatical feature; and in later notebooks, Haas was sure to ask about activities in a variety of positions in order to see if there were any grammatical nuances she should be aware of.


This example from Notebook 14 shows the different position used when asking where something is; ara is the feminine singular form of ura.

Detail of Tunica notebook 14, page 2
Excerpt from Tunica Notebook 14, page 2

When asking where “rice” is, you use the verb that denotes a lying position, whereas when you ask where the “star” is, you use the verb that denotes a sitting position. 

As you can see above with the feminine ara and the masculine una, spatial orientation is intertwined with grammatical gender and animacy class. For more on these topics, see Tunica Animacy.

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2022 Jacques Barzun Prize

Elizabeth Samet receiving the prize certificate
APS President Linda Greenhouse (l) and Committee Chair Michael Wood (c) presenting the prize to Elizabeth Samet (r)

The recipient of the 2022 Jacques Barzun Prize in Cultural History is Elizabeth D. Samet, in recognition of her book, Looking for the Good War: American Amnesia and the Violent Pursuit of Happiness (Farrar, Straus and Giroux).  Dr. Samet has been a Professor of English at West Point (United States Military Academy), since 1997. The 2022 Barzun Prize was presented at the Society's November 2022 Meeting.

‘Miraculously’, Elizabeth Samet writes with some irony, ‘the deadliest conflict in human history became something inherently virtuous’.  We turned the damage and loss of the Second World War into a scene of rescue, an American saving of the face of democracy and kindness.  ‘Each generation has found a new use for the Good War’, Samet says.  It is seen as the only one of its kind, the war that all other wars fail to be.  The ‘keynotes’ of the myth, as she defines them, include the following claims: the United States joined the war for idealistic reasons; Americans were united in the war effort; Americans ‘fight decently reluctantly, only when they must’.  Without wishing to deny the heroism of many soldiers or the horrors committed by the enemies, Samet asks us to attend to a more complex view of the long historical situation.

When she quotes a war industry worker as saying that World War II was ‘the last time in the history of the country when a full-blown spirit of patriotism was in every heart’, Samet doesn’t deny that the spirit was in some hearts, only asks us to wonder what was going on in the hearts that didn’t feel that way, and what happens to our sense of history if we fail to take them into account.  This is her recurring theme, as she explores stories of the good war in political campaigns, history books, tv series, movies, guidebooks, comics, memorial speeches, and much else.    The myth of World War II excuses other, more questionable combats, she says, so that ‘we allow our guilt to obscure the realities of devastating, indecisive wars’, and thereby ‘increase the likelihood of finding ourselves in a similar predicament once again’.  Samet is particularly persuasive on the topic of lateness, both in wartime and after.  Which ardent defendants of democracy were paying attention when Italy took over Ethiopia and civil war broke out in Spain?  Even in England, after the Munich agreement, there was a will to do nothing until after the last minute.  ‘It was easier’, Samet says, ‘to think of all those veterans of Spain as premature anti-fascists than it was to accept that one had been too late’.  Looking for the Good War is a defense of history in the fullest sense, a model examination of one of our most dangerous habits: replacing accounts of what happened with flattering posthumous fables.  Even when the fables are partially true, it’s usually worth taking another look at them.

The Jacques Barzun Prize in Cultural History is awarded annually to the author whose book exhibits distinguished work in American or European cultural history.  Established by a former student of Jacques Barzun, the prize honors this historian and cultural critic who was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1984.

The selection committee consisted of Michael Wood (chair), Charles Barnwell Straut Professor of English and Comparative Literature, Princeton University; David Hollinger, Preston Hotchkis Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley; and Robert B. Pippin, Evelyn Stefansson Nef Distinguished Service Professor, Committee on Social Thought, Department of Philosophy, University of Chicago.

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Registration for "Living with Climate Change," September 29-30, 2022

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2022 Henry M. Phillips Prize

Catharine MacKinnon receiving the Phillips Prize Certificate
Catharine MacKinnon (right) receiving the Phillips Prize from APS President Linda Greenhouse

The recipient of the American Philosophical Society’s 2022 Henry M. Phillips Prize in Jurisprudence is Catharine A. MacKinnon “in recognition of her intellectual and political leadership in international law, constitutional law, political and legal theory, and jurisprudence, and in particular her pioneering work on gender equality, sexual abuse, and sexual exploitation, including sexual harassment, rape, prostitution, sex trafficking, and pornography, and her effective framing of such harms as civil rights violations in the United States, in other countries, and in international law, bringing recognition and transformation in theory and in practice.” She is the Elizabeth A. Long Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School and the long-term James Barr Ames Visiting Professor of Law at Harvard Law School.

Her pioneering book, Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination (1979), created the legal claim for sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other prohibitions of sex-discrimination with enduring consequences for workplaces. She framed sexual harassment as sex discrimination in education under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which transformed practices and procedures in schools, colleges, and universities.  She also worked to change legal treatment of pornography; crafted litigation and legislative strategies to treat legal claims of rape as genocidal acts, and brought the perspective of sex inequality and sexual violence to prostitution and sex trafficking. Her thorough attention to power relationships draws on and contributes to epistemology, political theory, legal theory, and political and legal practices, with significant influences on laws, institutions, and the lives of many. 

The members of the selection committee are Linda Greenhouse, (chair), President of the American Philosophical Society and Clinical Lecturer in Law and Senior Research Scholar in Law, Yale Law School; Jane C. Ginsburg, Morton L. Janklow Professor of Literary and Artistic Property Law, Columbia Law School; Martha Minow, 300th Anniversary University Professor, Harvard Law School; Robert C. Post, Sterling Professor of Law, Yale Law School; Geoffrey R. Stone, Edward H. Levi Distinguished Service Professor, University of Chicago Law School; and David S. Tatel, Senior United States Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

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